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Kawm Ntawv Hmoob Thaum Caij Ntuj Sov

Tus Sau: Snyu W. Yang, Neeg Magazine
Luam 6 hli 24, 2003

Ib zag npau suav uas haiv neeg twg twb ntshaw yog kev kawm txuj ci hauv kev kawm ntawv. Qab ntuj dav, vam meej los lawm tau ntau txhiab xyoo. Txoj hlab sia uas lawv ciaj ua neeg nto koob lug vim haiv neeg twg los nyias muaj nyias tus cim "Niam Ntawv" siv qhia rau nyias haiv. Haiv neeg thiab lub chaw ntawd tsim kho lawv tus cim ntawv muaj qib, muaj theem, thiab muaj txoj lw tseg. Lawv siv tub txawj ntaw coob npaum nplooj txua. Siv sij hawm thiab nyiaj txiag yog muab w twb puv ntuj tas thiaj mam kho laib lawv tus cim ntawv coj lawv haiv neeg mus cuag kev vam meej. Txhua haiv neeg los lawv yeej muaj ntau tshaj ib tug cim ntawv tshwm rau hauv lawv lub teb chaws. Txawm muaj ntau tus cim ntawv tab sis haiv neeg ntawd txhim kho thiab xaiv ib tug cim coj mus ua tshuaj. Zaum no lawv tus cim ntawv thiaj hla los hais lawv hom lus, teeb lawv lub rooj ntaub rooj ntaw, thiab siv. Ib haiv me nyuam neeg muaj lub npe hu ua "Hmoob" los dab neeg teev tseg muaj ntau hom tus cim ntawv thiab. Cov Hmoob Suav lias txua muaj ib tug qauv cim ntawv Hmoob. Cov Hmoob Nplog lawv txua tau ib co ntawv hu ua "Ntawv Hmoob Lauj Foom." Hauv lub teb chaws Nplog muaj ib tug yawg lub npe hu ua Yaj Soob Lwj, dab neeg teev hais tias nws tsim tau cov "Niam Ntawv Hmoob Cob Fab." Paj Kaub Hawj, nyob Thaib teb dhos tau ib co niam ntawv thiab. Txij li thaum 1950s los, muaj ib tug cim ntawv Hmoob hu ua "Ntawv Hmoob Las Tees." Txawm yuav yog hom cim ntawv dab tsi los yeej hais tau ua lus Hmoob. Qhov txawv ces tus qauv sau sib txawv xwb. Ib tug cim ntawv ntawm ib haiv neeg uas tsis tau tis lub npe teb chaws ua lawv tug yog ib qho kev vam meej qeeb. Vim haiv neeg no tus cim niam ntawv yuav nrog lub teb chaws uas haiv neeg tsis tau muaj npe teb chaws no tej nom tswv muab rhuav tshem kom ntsiag. Zaj dab neeg ntawm cov ntawv Hmoob Cob Fab nyob ze ntawm sawv daws lub hauv pliaj, thaum twg leej twg tham nws yeej yuav tsum seev txog. Xws li, tus Vaj, uas nws txua cov niam ntawv no raug tsim tuag lawm thaum tseem nyob Nplog teb chaws.
Teb chaws As Mes Kas txoj kev ntseeg txawv qab ntuj khwb li kev coj. Lawv tso cai rau haiv neeg twg los xij, koj muaj koj ib tug Cim Ntawv. Yog koj xav qhia rov rau koj cov pej xeem, tej me tub me nyuam, los yog xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv. Qhia mus. Hauv lub nroog Appleton, WI thiaj nco ntsoov tus Cim Ntawv Hmoob. Txhua txhua xyoo thaum lub caij ntuj sov, tsev kawv ntawv hauv nroog Appleton thiab koom haum Hmoob txawm niaj xyoo npaj qhia cov ntawv "Hmoob Las Tees" rau tub kawm ntawv. Caij ntuj sov kev qhia ntawv Hmoob tau pib thaum 1995 los lawm. Tooj Cai Yaj hais tias " txhua txhua xyoo peb muaj txog li ntawm 100 rau 120 tus tub kawm tuaj kawm ntawv Hmoob, xyoo no peb muaj ze 120 tus. Peb muaj 7 tus xib fwb qhia ntawv. 2 tug yog saib kev khiav hauj lwm. 5 tug yog cov xib fwb qhia nyob hauv chav."
Cov tub kawm, tsev qhia ntawv Hmoob tsis xaiv lawv tej hnub nyoog thiaj tau kawm. Cov tseem nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv As Mes Kas qib 1-5, qib nrab 6 - 8, thiab qib 9 - 12 los lawv txais tib si. "Feem coob ntawm peb cov tub kawm yog cov qib 4-8 hos lwm cov ces muaj tus puav", Tooj Yaj qhia. Txawm tias tsis xaiv hnub nyoog los yog koj yog niam txiv lawm kuj yog ib qho tsis pom qab pab tau li cas. Vim tes hauj lwm kev qhia ntawv Hmoob no yog npaj coj los pab cov tub kawm xwb tsis yog cov niam txiv. "Peb muaj cov niam txiv coob tus tau hais tuaj thov xav kawm ntawv Hmoob thiab", Tooj qhia. "Ntau zaus peb kuj teb kom lawv txhob tus siab xwb" Tooj hais ntxiv.
Sib coj nthuav tus cim niam ntawv, rau cov tub kawm, cov tuav tes dej num tawm fws. Lawv yuav tau siv tswv yim tob, siv nyiaj txig ntau, thiab siv sij hawm ntev mus txua. Tooj Yaj piav "thaum nyuam qhuav pib mas koj muaj tej khoom tsis txaus, koj cov kev qhia los tsis tau pom dua, ces koj yuav tau mam nrhiav mam ua txhua txhua xyoo, qhov no pom hais tias nyuab kawg. Qhov yooj yim mas xws li niaj hnub no peb tsim tau ntau yam zoo lawm, ces yooj yim lawm. Tiam sis muaj lwm qhov nyuab ntawm niaj hnub no thiab xws li hais tias, peb muaj ib txhia tub kawm uas kawm tag lawm, tab sis lawv xav kawm qhov tshiab no ua peb ho yuav muab qhov twg coj los qhia lawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb xav tau ntaub ntawv lwm yam ntxiv xws li, tej nyuag dab neeg Hmoob, tej me nyuam phau ntawv, los puas kab lus kom peb thiaj tau siv qhia me nyuam kawm." Tus cim ntawv uas yuav coj los qhia rau cov tub kawm yuav tsum muaj daim hom phiaj. "Peb daim hom phiaj yog xav cob kom cov me nyuam Hmoob txawj sau ntawv Hmoob, hais lus Hmoob kom yog, thiab ho paub txog Hmoob kab li kev cai", Tooj hais ntxiv li no. Txhua xyoo tsev qhia ntawv Hmoob Thaum Caij Ntuj Sov qhia kom tub kawm txawj nyeem, txawj sau, thiab txawj hais lus Hmoob. Qhov no yog daim hom phiaj. Tab sis xyoo no Tooj Cai Yaj hais tias "piav rau me nyuam xwb kuj tsis paub xyov lawv puas nkag siab. Xyoo no peb muaj ib teev qhia me nyuam kawv ntawv xyaum ntaus Tuj Lub. Qhov no ua rau lawv tau tuav kiag Hmoob cov xwm txhees (activities) ntawm lawv ob txhais tes, ua kiag, thiab ho ua li cas kiag lawm. Cia seb pos ho pom txawv li cas rau cov tub kawm xyoo no." Tus kws qhia ntawv Suav Thoj hais tias "kuv nyiam Hmoob kab li kev cai, qhia ntawv Hmoob yog ib yam kuv nyiam ua heev. Kuv vam hais tias me nyuam kawm ntawv yuav pom txog kev kawm ntawv Hmoob zoo yog thaum lawv loj hlob tuaj."
Xib Fwb qhia ntawv Thaiv Lis nyob rau nroog Appleton Tsev Kawm Ntawv. Nws qhia ntawv Hmoob rau tub kawm leej twg nyiam kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Nws yog niam txiv uas yuav tau xa nws cov me nyuam tuaj kawm ntawv Hmoob thaum caij ntuj sov txhua txhua hnub. Thaiv hais tias "xa me nyuam mus mus los los rau hauv txoj kev kawm ntawv tsis tab kaum kuv dab tsi. Qhov no yog kuv ib txog hauj lwm rau kuv cov me nyuam." Thaiv Lis yeej niaj xyoo ua kws qhia ntawv thaum caij ntuj sov li no, nws twb yog xib fwb qhia ntawv Hmoob nws tseem coj me nyuam tuaj kawm ntawv Hmoob qhov no txhais tau li cas? Tsis pom ib yam tseeb qhia tawm los yuav yog kiag qhov leej twg xav paub. Qhov tseem ceeb ces, yog koj qhia koj cov me nyuam tom vaj tom tsev nws tsis yog ib qho kev sib tw. Koj yuav tau coj me nyuam mus rau hauv hoob kawm ntawv nrog lwm tus me nyuam ua li no kom nws thiaj paub thiab pom lwm tus me nyuam qhov kev sib tw, sib ntshaw, thiab xyaum coj yeeb yam zoo hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Thaiv Lis ntxiv lus li no "thaum ntuj sov no, yuav tau muaj dej num rau me nyuam yaus ua, lawv thiaj tsis mus tsim teeb meem. Yog koj muaj kev dej num dab tsi li no ces, twb ua rau qhov chaw ntawm pab koj saib xyuas koj cov me nyuam 2-3 teev lawm thiab. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tseem tau kawm kev zoo." Kev cob qhia me nyuam thaum nyob niag Moos (big city) niam txiv yuav tau txawj xaiv qhov twg coj lawv tej me nyuam mus cuag zaj zoo. Tsev qhia ntawv Hmoob caij ntuj sov yog ib qho ntawm ntau ntau qhov sawv daws xav xav pheej xav tsis tau hais tias yuav ua li cas pab yus tej me tub me nyuam.
Yog koj xav ntev tiag tsis coj koj tej me nyuam mus kawm ntawv Hmoob. Mloog tub kawm Ntxawm Lis hais "kuv xav txawj ntawv Hmoob. Kuv zoo siab heev vim kuv tau kawm ntawv Hmoob." Kawm ntawv Hmoob kuj yog ib qho nyuab rau cov me nyuam uas tuaj yug rau teb chaws As Mes Kas lawm thiab. Jina Vaj hais tias "kawm ntawv Hmoob mas nyuab heev, kuv kawm tsis tau li." Txhua yam ntawv yeej tsis yooj yim rau leej twg. Xav txawj yuav tau sib zog thiab mob siab. Fav Ntxawg Yaj, xa nws cov me nyuam tuaj kawm ntawv Hmoob txhua txhua hnub nws hais li no "kuv xav kom kuv cov me nyuam paub lus Hmoob, txawj ntawv Hmoob, thiab ntshaw kom lawv kawm lawv haiv neeg tej lus." Nyuab, zoo, khwv npaum no leej twg los thiaj tuaj kawm ntawv Hmoob. Tsev kawm ntawv Hmoob Caij Ntuj Sov pib thaum lub 6 hli xiab ces kawm tiav rau thaum lub 7 hli nqig. Siv sij hawm li ntawm 5 lub lim tiam qhia ib xyoos twg.

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